An automation framework is a code structure that helps to simplify and reuse code for automated tests. The framework acts as a wrapper around the complex [Selenium] commands, making it easier for testers to write and maintain test scripts. Automation frameworks are designed to reduce code duplication, improve code readability, and enhance maintainability, making the testing process more efficient.
Here are the types of automation frameworks that I have been using:
Data-Driven Framework
In a Data-Driven Framework, test data is separated from the test scripts and stored externally, usually in files like Excel, CSV, or databases. The same test script can be executed with multiple sets of data.
Page Object Model (POM)
Page Object Model is a design pattern that represents web pages as classes and the elements on the page as variables within the class. This makes the test scripts easier to manage and maintain by providing a clear separation between test code and page-specific code.
Hybrid Framework
A Hybrid Framework combines features of the above frameworks to leverage the benefits of each. For example, it might use the Page Object Model for better maintainability while also using external files for test data, combining aspects of Data-Driven and Keyword-Driven frameworks.
Other Automation Frameworks
While I may not have hands-on experience with these other frameworks, their approach to test automation can make them worth exploring for specific project needs.
Other types of automation frameworks:
Keyword-Driven Framework
In this framework, keywords representing various actions are stored in an external file, and the test script refers to this file to execute the actions. This allows non-programmers to write test cases by using predefined keywords.
Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) Frameworks
Frameworks like Cucumber or SpecFlow can be integrated with Selenium to enable Behavior-Driven Development. In BDD, test cases are written in a natural, human-readable language, making it easier for non-technical stakeholders to understand the tests.
Modular Framework
In a Modular Framework, test scripts are divided into smaller, manageable modules or functions. These modules can be combined in various ways to create test cases, making it easier to manage and maintain the test suite.
Which Automation Framework to Use?
Each type of framework has its advantages and disadvantages. The choice of framework often depends on the specific requirements of the project, the expertise of the testing team, and other factors. As I mentioned above, I use the Page Object Model and Data-Driven frameworks. That means I use a Hybrid automation framework.